ABSTRACT
Background: The occurrence of overweight and obesity coupled with many non-communicable diseases is a major preventable cause of premature morbidity and death. Sexual dimorphism exists in neural regulation of food intake. In spite of less consumption, females are prone to deposit greater amount of fat. Aim and Objective: This study aims to compare the effect of two different diets, high-fat diet (HFD) and sucrose diet with the normal chow eating rats correlating with various biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 adult rats of both genders were selected. They were divided into three groups and each group was given fat diet, sucrose diet, and normal chow diet for 10 weeks. Biochemical analysis was done at the end of 10 weeks. Results: Food intake, body weight, glucose, insulin, and total cholesterol (TC) are significantly greater in males in comparison to females. Triglycerides and G/I ratio are found to be significantly greater in females. Insulin resistance was observed in both sucrose and HFD group but TC was higher in HFD group. Conclusion: Sucrose diet and HFD produce insulin resistance and dyslipidemia and it seems to be more pronounced in males compared to females. Sucrose diet has little effect on lipid parameters.
ABSTRACT
Back ground: It is highly unfortunate that many patients are admitted daily with hematemesis and or malena due to the adverse effects of drugs either prescribed or self-medicated. Incidence of such cases can be greatly reduced if medical practitioners are not only aware of the adverse effects of drugs on gastrointestinal tract but also assess the patients for the risk factors of drug-induced UGI bleeding before prescribing these drugs and also by properly educating the patients. Aim: To study the clinical profile and risk factors in fifty cases of drug induced UGI bleeding. Materials and methods: Fifty patients (32 males and 18 females) admitted with drug-induced hematemesis and or malena were studied with respect to age group, number of bouts of hematemesis, approximate quantity of total blood loss, causative drug responsible for UGI bleeding, risk factors of GI bleeding, number of individual risk factors in each patients. The prevalence of individual risk factors in those fifty patients and the prevalence of number of risk factors in those fifty patients were studied. Thorough clinical and laboratory investigations were done. Results: Hematemesis was the common symptom. Ibuprofen was responsible for the majority of cases (38%) followed by diclofenac (22%). Prevalence of risk factors among the patients are as follows: Age > 50 years of age - 66%, ‘O’ Blood group – 50%, Alcoholism – 42%, Not using Gastro protective agents – 40%, Self-medication / OTC drugs – 36%, Smoking – 30%, Stress and Serious systemic illnesses – 12%, Helicobacter pylori – 12%, Known Peptic ulcer disease – 10% , High doses/ Chronic drug intake – 10%, Concomitant use of Steroids – 8% and Concomitant use of anticoagulants – 4%. Conclusion: NSAIDs were the commonest cause for UGI bleeding. Age > 50 years (66%) was the commonest risk factor for UGI bleeding. All those fifty cases had at least one known risk factor and majority (80%) had more than one risk factors of drug-induced UGI bleeding
ABSTRACT
Background: In recent years, there has been increasing evidence which shows strong links between inflammation and the pathogenesis of atherothrombotic stroke. Acute phase proteins have been implicated to play roles both during acute and chronic inflammatory processes in different diseases including ischemic stroke. Even low grade infections may cause elevation of various acute phase reactants which may partly be responsible for the inflammatory process observed in atherosclerotic lesions, which may in turn relate to occurrence of ischemic symptoms. Aim of the study: To evaluate the predictive value of hs-CRP in relation to the ultimate functional outcome in first ever ischemic stroke after 4 weeks. Materials and methods: A total of 50 patients who presented with acute ischemic stroke confirmed by CT scan were enrolled into the study. As soon as the patients were admitted within 48 hours of onset of stroke, serum samples were taken for hs-CRP estimation. The serum hs-CRP level was correlated with the functional recovery of patients after 4 weeks using the GOS. Patients with score of 4 and 5 were included in the good outcome and patients with score of 1, 2, 3 were included in the poor outcome category. Results: Mean age of individuals in this study was 60.32 years ± 7.44. Male patients were 48% (24) and female patients were 52% (26). Patients with GOS score of 4 or 5, i.e. those with favorable outcome (34%) 30% had CRP < 10.1 mg/L and 4% had CRP > 10.1 mg/L. All the remaining 66% cases with GOS score of 1, 2 or 3, (i.e. unfavorable outcome) had hs-CRP > 10.1 mg/L. D. Radha, V. Sakthivadivel. A study on High Sensitivity C – Reactive Protein as a determinant in the outcome of acute ischemic stroke. IAIM, 2017; 4(7): 213-217. Page 214 Conclusion: Patients with elevated hs-CRP had a poorer outcome when compared to patients with lower levels of CRP, four weeks after the onset of ischemic stroke.